“A stitch in time saves nine.” How do you know if your pre-schooler is ready for their big jump into primary school?
Does your child understand these words – “above”; “below”; “on”; “in”; “before”; “after”; “beside”; “first”; “second”; “last’: “stop”; “go”; “left”; “right”; “top”; “bottom”; “middle”?
Pre-school education should help young learners with their spatial skills and prepare them for primary school, however there are times when these skills are not acquired. This is no reflection upon the child, though not having an understanding can place the young learner at a disadvantage when they first attend primary school.
Can you imagine the difficulty a young learner will have following the simplest directions if they do not understand the words from the list above? We are seeing more instances where the parents of children in Years 1 and 2 are seeking help because their little ones are not keeping up at school.
How can a student fall into difficulty at such an early stage of their education?
Let the early years be play. Young children learn through play, being read to, and through song. Have any of these three things changed in the last two decades? Do children play with other children or with their parents like they used to? Are they being read to by an adult? Do the songs they listen to teach them about the spatial world around them?
The things we do with our children before they attend school are just as important as the education they receive before they become adults. If you can get the foundations right the structure is strong.
Not everyone learns the same way, and that creates problems in classrooms and at home.
As a generalisation, there are three types of learners: auditory, kinaesthetic, and visual. These are the main channels of learning. It’s a generalisation because, a person is more likely to be a combination of two (or more) rather than simply one, as in being purely an auditory learner. How do you identify a kinaesthetic learner?
Kinaesthetic learners just want to touch and feel everything. As adults, their mates give them plenty of personal space because they just want to playfully thump them all the time. Their house is a mess because they just want to collect and pull everything apart, just to see how it works. Putting it together again may be another matter. Does this sound like someone you married?
It is easy to identify an adult kinaesthetic learner, but how do you identify it in your child?
Well for starters, their teacher will be strongly suggesting you attend Parent Teacher Nights, so they can discuss how disruptive this young pupil is in the classroom. They fidget, leave their seat to touch things, move things and find it difficult to sit and learn. They may not even be aware of their movements as they are easily distracted by the movement of others and want to investigate.
This student needs a hands-on approach to learning so sitting in class and listening, reading from a book, or even taking notes from the whiteboard is not the best way for them to learn.
They will respond better when learning is through participation, such as in chemistry experiments, or building a model. These students do well in sports, drama and live for school lunch breaks. By the age of seven, they have been categorised as being an under-achiever, or worse still, hyperactive. But fear not.
Being a kinaesthetic learner is not a problem, as approximately fifteen percent of the population are kinaesthetic learners. The problem is our education system is geared towards auditory and visual learners, and kinaesthetic learners are the speed bump in our systems road to education. What can you do?
For starters, accept them for who they are, healthy active children. Give them down time after an active session and reward them for the tasks they perform. These guys may be reward driven. Kinaesthetic learners do best with images so paint them a picture of what you want from them and give them regular breaks while studying.
Your student is likely to become an actor, dancer, physiotherapist, massage therapist, surgeon, mechanic, carpenter, P.E. teacher, athlete, farmer, etc.
The point is, be patient, give them space and let them grow.
By Peter Kenyon: XtraMile Tuition Strategies Tutor
“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” ― Nelson Mandela
Is there a good time to seek out tutoring? Does your son or daughter display any of these?
Lacks confidence with schoolwork
Becomes distraught about going to school
Struggles with Maths
Reads without interest or understanding
Reads through punctuation marks or skip lines completely
Of course, these indicators are not the only signs for a cry for help. Any change in behaviour or mood may be an indicator that moves you to further investigation.
One thing you should not do is shrug off these indicators as, “Oh, it is only a phase they are going through.” because chances are it is a phase they will not get through. The cause, or trigger, of the change may vary from changing teachers to taking your children out of school for off-season holidays. The latter has a considerable effect on children in Year 3, 5 and 7.
Years 3, 5 and 7 appear to be the years when new concepts are introduced in Maths, and probably other subjects. But we, at the tuition room, see these years as the most influential to the student’s development. Basically, a lot of new stuff is taught in Maths during these years. Missing one or two weeks during the school period has a lasting and recurring effect on that area of knowledge through the following years.
Back to our original question, is there a good time to seek out tutoring assistance?
You would think Year 1 students would not require tutoring assistance, after all they have just started school and what have they learned? Prep is used to prepare children for Year 1 and it is at this stage they learn the simple things like singing the alphabet, counting to ten or twenty and spatial skills such as left, right, in front, under, first, second, last and inside and outside. Even colouring in pictures helps to develop the fine motor skills required to hold a pencil to form letters while learning to write.
Sometimes children miss some concepts, and this puts them behind during the first year because there is assumed knowledge in Year 1. Yes, tuition does help to restore confidence to a Year 1 student.
It is always easier to help students who are in Year 2, 4 or 6 because these are the years before the next knowledge jump. Catching them up in these years aligns their Maths knowledge for the next year jump in concept learning. We have noticed the most distressed students who come to us are in Years 3, 5 and 7.
When is the best time to bring a student for tuition? When you notice a change in behaviour that continues for more than two weeks. There is generally a reason for that change and if it is related to learning then tuition may be your answer. Having said that, it is never too late to seek out tuition. We have had students in Year 8 that have received tuition to cover knowledge short falls from Year 5. No, it is never too late to help a student who wants to be helped.
“It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.” ― Confucius
By Peter Kenyon: XtraMile Tuition Strategies Tutor
“A man who limits his interest limits his life.” – Vincent Price
We all want our children to do well in school and in life, but how do you ignite that spark that fuels a need for knowledge. How does your child develop an interest in the world around them?
For starters, let’s look at your environment. After all, we shouldn’t put the responsibility for learning and growth upon the school system alone. Children’s exposure to teachers and schools is small compared to their exposure to parents and home life. So, let’s take stock of the most influential environment upon your child’s growth – you and your home.
Talk with your child, not at your child
Talking with your child encourages conversation and participation while talking at your child is more about giving instruction: “Don’t do that”, “Sit and be quiet”, “Go outside and play”. Which type of parent are you? Is most of your communication one directional, or do you urge a more open form of communication? Do you talk with your child about the things you are interested in, such as books, movies, and gardening?
Talk with your child about your interests
Your growth and learning don’t stop when you become an adult. Your child is likely to become the adult you are because you are the major role model in their life. Your continued growth doesn’t have to be purely academic. Your interests, hobbies and activities continue to develop you as a person. As an adult, have you continued to grow, or do you come home at night and sit in front of the computer surfing YouTube or watching television?
Involve your child with books
Look around your house and count the books on your bookcase. What? You don’t have a bookcase. Reading is still the best source of gaining knowledge. It is a sad fact that today many households don’t have a library. Their interests and knowledge are not on display. I enjoy visiting people and scanning the titles on their shelves as it immediately lets me see the interests of the people who live there and gives a basis for conversation. Many people will have a display case for their sports trophies and I consider bookcases as display cases for your knowledge. Now, before you go thinking I am some sort of nerd, as well has having several hundred books, our household also has a movie library with several hundred movies. Display your interests and talk about your interests.
Do things and show your child how you do things
Involve your child in your interests, within reason. If your hobby is your garden, then have them help with the weeding. If you love live theatre, then take them to some live shows to expose them to the experience. Just keep the experience relative to their developmental level. Let your children see you reading at night instead of squatting in front of the television. Being entertained by books offers a different intellectual experience to being entertained by X-Box. If you are an X-Box kind of dad, you may just have to try a little harder. Try playing board games that offer challenges and choices while playing to help with the thinking process. Become involved with your children in thinking games and not just reaction games.
Become your child’s best teacher
From the day they are born your number one priority is to protect then and to prepare them. The adult they become is the result of your influence as much as that of the school system they fall into. Sometimes being a good parent requires learning new skills, but that is alright as learning new skills is part of life’s processes. No-one is born knowing how to parent. We learn some of it from our parents through their role modelling and we learn some from interacting with people as we grow up. Though, having said that nothing will prepare you for being a parent, you just learn as you go along. But you do have to learn.
Don’t overload your child
You don’t have to expose your child to everything at one time. There is no need to fill every waking moment with experiences and knowledge. You should allow down time, so they may process what has been experienced, what has been learnt and to rest and recover. Being a child takes a lot of energy and there is a need to re-charge their batteries from time to time. Build quiet times into their day when it is alright to sit and do nothing. Remember, a tired child will struggle at school.
Be positive about their school experience
“It’s alright mate, you have to go and there is nothing we can do about it.” doesn’t send a positive message about going to school. The school years are such a wonderful time of our lives and must be reinforced as such. Don’t bring the woes of being an adult, or the problems you are experiencing upon your child’s fun years. You can use their experience to bring some release from the pressures of your life. Encourage them to become involved with school activities and then be supportive and join in with them at these events. One of my most vivid memories is when my father and his friends turned out to watch me at my school rugby league game. I played many games but that one I remember. Don’t underestimate the importance of being part of their school experience.
“We will all be role models in our children’s lives. We don’t have that choice. The choice we do have is whether we are a positive role model or a negative role model. That is our choice.” – Peter Kenyon
A decreased ability to concentrate, confused thoughts, motivation low, increased irritability, grumbling, quarrelsome, overly sensitive to criticism, anxious or depressed. This may sound like a typical teenager but they are also warnings a coach watches for in athletes.
Good coaches recognise the signs of over-training and adjust their athletes’ schedule so the next phase of over-training, which is burn-out, doesn’t occur. A great coach will not let these signs develop because they know how to pace the training sessions without over-stressing the athlete.
What has fitness training to do with students? Burn-out may occur in any person in any profession at any age. Many parents don’t realise how much pressure they place on their children when they load up their awake time with sports training and competition outside of school hours. Some students are playing two sports a season. Some parents don’t realise they may be setting their child up for burn-out later that school year because they haven’t planned enough recovery time for their student.
If you are a parent who encourages outside sports for their children, then you should consider these three things:
Training and playing sport are tiring, very tiring.
A tired student will find it difficult to concentrate in class.
In today’s world, a person has a much better chance of achieving a high income with good grades than becoming a highly paid athlete.
An over-committed student who finds it difficult to concentrate in class will eventually fall behind on their grades. They may require the help of a coach, an academic coach.
When athletic students attend tuition sessions, we ask parents to consider dropping one activity before introducing a program of tuition. There is no sense in adding to an already over-loaded timetable. Nothing will be achieved. The tuition, depending upon the grade the student is in, will probably take one full year to bring them aligned with the class. That is only one season of any one sport, so they will not miss much when dropping one activity to replace it with tuition.
As an academic coach (with a long background in fitness training) I watch for signs of over-training in our students and act on it. Sometimes, that action will be to remove tuition from the student’s timetable if nothing else is removed. We do this for the well-being of the student.
You don’t have to be a sporting student to fall behind. At times, a high achieving student places themselves under unnecessary pressure because they have not learnt to budget time or to study correctly. A student like this will benefit from some one-on-one guidance so they may learn from an expert how to research and produce assignments, or how to prepare for secondary school exams.
So, as the school year progresses, watch for signs that indicate your student may not be keeping up and is silently crying for help.
If your child was an average student last year, chances are they will be an average student this year. If they struggled with maths last year, they will probably be struggling with maths this year. Nothing changes unless something changes. What must change to improve your child’s grades?
The first thing that must change is someone’s attitude. Children are children and they will not change unless they are given a reason to change. Telling them to do better or to change their ways will probably not get the result you, as a parent, desire because they do not know how to change. They are children, they are young, and have a limited frame of reference when it comes to change. They must be taught how to change. At this stage, the biggest change must be in you as a parent. You must make the decisions for them, and then guide them along the path.
One of the biggest issues seen with students is they have problems with weak foundations. They simply don’t know their multiplication tables up to their year level and they don’t have in place a memory of subtraction and addition of the numbers up to twenty (20). No matter how well a student understands the mathematical concept they are being taught at school, if they can’t perform the foundations, they will not be able to solve the maths problem. Continually getting the wrong answer whittles away their confidence.
Every student needs to build strong foundations. You can’t have lasting structure without strong foundations.
The downside to the Information Age is the decrease in fine motor skills used for writing.
It is a problem presenting more often as laptops and tablets replace the use of pad and pen. An increasing number of students are unable to form legible letters of the alphabet or write numbers clearly enough so they may read them thirty seconds later.
Some students going into Year 8 are incapable of writing between the lines of a paper or forming numbers within the squares of a quad ruled page. Students in Year 5 are unable to produce or read their name in cursive script. These students are struggling with the fine motor skills required to help them to learn.
An article by Maria Konnikova, “What’s Lost as Handwriting Fades?”, suggests evidence is emerging of a greater link between handwriting and learning. It appears children learn to read more quickly when they first learn to write by hand.
Learning is a complicated process. When we reproduce letters or anything else by hand, a plan is required before executing the action. The result is highly variable in that it will not exactly represent the original. Learning to identify variable representations is important to decoding letters when reading.
The research by Virginia Berninger, a psychologist at University of Washington, indicated that when a child who composed text by hand (either printing or cursive) “They not only consistently produced more words more quickly than they did on the keyboard, but expressed more ideas.”
There is also a suggestion of different neuropathways being developed in the brain when a child progresses on from printing to cursive writing.
Researchers at the University of California have reported laboratory and real-world studies of students learning better when they take notes by hand than when they type on a keyboard.
I ask you, “Is it time to throw away the pen and paper and adopt the technology of the keyboard? Was it time to give up walking when we invented the car?”
My suggestion to help build a better student is to let your pre-school child use colouring books and pencils; jigsaw puzzles and building blocks; to help develop fine motor skills. When they are at school continue to use the old-fashioned copy book, so your student may practise and learn to form letters and numbers. Encourage them to practise twenty minutes a day until they are proficient with writing the printed word. Allow this to develop into the practice of cursive writing so they may be able to record classroom notes in secondary school, lecture notes at university or record the minutes of a business meeting.
Sometimes there just doesn’t seem to be enough hours in a day to fit in what needs to be done, and there seems to be not enough weeks in the year for the school curriculum.
There are forty academic weeks to the Australian school year. This is little enough time to squeeze in the content of the curriculum. The problem is the school year is not exactly forty weeks.
There are several public holidays to be removed, and then there are “student free” days also to be taken out. If we remove the school camp that all students seem to be attending these days, sick days and time spent out of school for one reason or another (sports, museums, etc.) then we have a shortened academic year.
This all puts our teachers and students under pressure as a larger amount of acquired knowledge is squeezed into a reduced amount of attendance time.
“A” initially stood for Academic Year but now I think it should stand for “Attendance”.
So, how do you make a better student? Don’t add to the problem by reducing your student’s school attendance by removing them from school for a week-long holiday because it is more convenient.
“What then of children who come from homes where no-one hears Mother Goose, where no-one is encouraged to read signs, write scribbly letters, or play with books of any kind? What happens to them as they enter kindergarten has serious consequences for the rest of their lives – for them and for all of us.”
Though they may not be able to read by the age of five (and we should have no expectation of this) there is no reason for not sitting a child on your lap and reading to them. Let them see the words and the pictures as you read them. They may, or may not, develop at their own pace as they link the symbols of the word with the symbol of the picture. Just remember, if they don’t, they just may not yet be ready so let them be children.
Spending this quality time with your toddler is crucial to early childhood development. Andre Biemiller, a Canadian psychologist, studied the consequences of lower vocabulary levels in young children. The results of his studies indicated that children entering kindergarten in the bottom 25% of vocabulary generally remained behind the other children. By year six they were approximately three years behind their peers in vocabulary, reading and comprehension.
How to build a better student? Read to them. It’s a good start.
Not everyone learns the same way, and that creates problems in classrooms and at home.
As a generalisation, there are three types of learners: auditory, kinaesthetic, and visual. These are the main channels of learning. It’s a generalisation because, a person is more likely to be a combination of two (or more) rather than simply one, as in being purely an auditory learner. How do you identify a kinaesthetic learner?
Kinaesthetic learners just want to touch and feel everything. As adults, their mates give them plenty of personal space because they just want to playfully thump them all the time. Their house is a mess because they just want to collect and pull everything apart, just to see how it works. Putting it together again may be another matter. Does this sound like someone you married?
It is easy to identify an adult kinaesthetic learner, but how do you identify it in your child?
Well for starters, their teacher will be strongly suggesting you attend Parent Teacher Nights, so they can discuss how disruptive this young pupil is in the classroom. They fidget, leave their seat to touch things, move things and find it difficult to sit and learn. They may not even be aware of their movements as they are easily distracted by the movement of others, and want to investigate.
This student needs a hands-on approach to learning so sitting in class and listening, reading from a book, or even taking notes from the whiteboard is not the best way for them to learn. They will respond better when learning is through participation, such as in chemistry experiments, or building a model. These students do well in sports, drama and live for school lunch breaks. By the age of seven, they have been categorised as being an under-achiever, or worse still, hyperactive. But fear not.
Being a kinaesthetic learner is not a problem, as approximately fifteen percent of the population are kinaesthetic learners. The problem is our education system is geared towards auditory and visual learners, and kinaesthetic learners are the speed bump in our systems road to education. What can you do?
For starters, accept them for who they are, healthy active children. Give them down time after an active session, and reward them for the tasks they perform. These guys may be reward driven. Kinaesthetic learners do best with images so paint them a picture of what you want from them and give them regular breaks while studying.
Your student is likely to become an actor, dancer, physio-therapist, massage therapist, surgeon, mechanic, carpenter, P.E. teacher, athlete, farmer, etc.
The point is, be patient, give them space and let them grow…
XtraMile Tuition Strategies makes learning fun again
Not everyone learns the same way, and that creates problems in classrooms and at home.
XtraMile Tuition Strategies (North Brisbane) - 0451 030188 